Oakland, where tensions have also been high, didn’t call for the same restrictions Sunday evening - a sign of the loaded decisions balancing public safety and free speech. Santa Clara County’s presiding Judge Deborah Ryan announced she was closing the courthouse on Monday in “an abundance of caution and in the interest of safety.” Police continued to block off streets around Santana Row, as well as Valley Fair Mall. The department’s preparation appeared to pay off as officers repelled a band of about 50 marauders who broke windows at the BevMo! and CVS along Stevens Creek Boulevard before making an unsuccessful run at Santana Row. Since Friday, vandals had caused “millions of dollars in damage” to public and private property, and 100 people were arrested. The department received “intel of planned looting” Sunday night in areas across the city, Garcia said, which is why the curfew extends beyond downtown. We’re not instituting martial law, we’re going to use it very judiciously.” San Jose Police Chief Eddie Garcia said that while his department has “heard the calls for change, we’ve heard the calls for accountability,” after the police killing in Minneapolis of an unarmed black man, “we can’t allow our city to devolve into chaos. Videos showed numerous people running out of Best Buy and loading their trunks with TVs. In San Francisco, which also instituted a curfew, high-end shops, including Saks Fifth Avenue in Union Square, were ransacked Saturday night, and in Emeryville, whole strip malls were picked clean. San Jose’s curfew, which will remain in place for at least a week, came in response to peaceful protests that turned into frenetic crime sprees over the past two days. The officer who pressed his knee into Floyd’s neck for almost nine minutes before his death was fired from the force and charged with third-degree murder. The lawlessness obscured the message of protesters who turned out in force to demonstrate across the country Sunday against the killing last week of George Floyd, a black man, by police in Minneapolis. The evening became so chaotic with roving bands of ransackers throughout the Bay Area that at one point, a false report of a tiger on the loose at the Oakland Zoo was tweeted, then retracted, by the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office. “That’s all you gotta do, we appreciate it!” yelled one demonstrator caught on video. Looters appeared to move on to San Leandro where “we have already recovered one gun, and we’ve seen multiple fights, and we’re taking rocks,” said San Leandro Police spokesman Ted Henderson Sunday.Īnd just one night after clashes in downtown Oakland, a line of police officers in riot gear, facing kneeling protesters, took to their knees in a show of peace and solidarity. Please ensure your doors are locked & secured.” curfew and asked all businesses “to close immediately. In Walnut Creek, where one woman was shot in the arm as scores of looters stormed Macy’s and the Broadway Plaza business district in broad daylight Sunday, the city imposed an immediate 6 p.m. Berkeley: Walgreens (Adeline Street), Target, Cannabis Buyers Club, Farmacy, Bayside Medical, US LiquorsĮmeryville: Best Buy, Game Stop.CLICK HERE if you’re having a problem viewing the photos on a mobile device.Īs clashes between protesters and police continued for a third night across the Bay Area on Sunday, with looting and violence rampant across the East Bay, San Jose, Walnut Creek and Danville joined San Francisco on Sunday in imposing curfews to try to restore the peace.
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Pull your shoulders back right before hitting the runway.They support you and they wish you the best
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If your post itself does not contain any spoilers but you expect and/or encourage all spoiler discussion in the comments, please use the "Spoilers OK" flair. Flair all posts with the correct spoiler level, and don't post spoilers in the title!Ī spoiler is ANYTHING from the Remake that hasn’t been revealed in trailers/the demo, OR, any plot point from the original FF7 game inc boss fights. Trolling and flaming is not welcome here. While enthusiasm for the original game and spin-off titles is appreciated and encouraged in discussion, please avoid posting content from the original game or any spin-off titles that would not apply to the remake. R/FFVIIRemake is designated specifically for news, content, and discussion surrounding the Final Fantasy VII Remake or an extension of that project where it is aesthetically and functionally similar in terms of gameplay. Also this for an upcoming mod Im making.Check out. Final Fantasy Discordħ Simple Posting Rules 1. Alright so this is my oc aka my skins weapon that is heavily inspired by Clouds(from ff7) Buster Sword. Please read the rules below before posting. This is the unofficial subreddit for Final Fantasy 7 Remake. Mary Church, Denton, NE former member of Blessed Sacrament Church, North Aurora, IL member of St Mary’s Altar Society, Denton, NE a professed member Needless to say, Rita felt it was an honor and privilege to be able to hold the Holy Father’s hand and visit with him personally – something she was very proud of. After Mass the Holy Father visited with each of the 28 people who attended his Mass. During its 22 years of existence, over $128,000 was raised through Card Parties, Raffles and Direct Mailings.Īs a result of Rita’s work for Father Leo Joerger, and his Missions in Papua New Guinea, she was invited to go to Rome in November, 1994, and had the privilege of attending Mass in the late Blessed John Paul II’s private Chapel. In 1967, Rita founded the Dominican Auxiliary, an organization which financially aided the Dominical Sisters of Springfield, Illinois. Cohill, SVD, who was the Bishop of Goroka, Papua New Guinea. Rita’s Catholic Church in Kainantu, Papua New Guinea, which was dedicated on Decemby the late Most Rev. During the 25 years that Rita and her Mission Club members were together, they raised money through Card Parties, Raffles, etc., to build several schools in Papua New Guinea, as well as St. In September of 1951, Rita organized a Mission Club for Father Leo Joerger, SVD – a Divine Word Missionary in Papua New Guinea. Angela’s Church, Chicago, IL for several years. Rita was President of Our Lady of Fatima Sodality of St. In 2004, Rita moved to Lincoln, NE to live with her nephew Patrick Ward and his family. Rita left that position in 1978, and moved to Aurora, IL with her two aunts. When that office moved to Elgin, IL in 1974, she again retired until August of 1976, when she became Secretary at Our Lady of Grace School in Chicago. In September of 1970, she became Manager of the Oak Park, IL, office of Bankers Life of Iowa Insurance Company. After 17 years at Zenith, she retired, and with her widowed Mother, traveled extensively. Rita was President of the Zenith Radio Corporation’s Women’s Club. She began her career at Zenith Radio Corporation’s Hearing Aid Division in September of 1949. Angela Grammar School and Siena High School, both in Chicago. and Esther E (nee Dooley) Ward, who were originally from Joliet, IL. Rita was born in Chicago, IL, December 2, 1931, the daughter of Daniel R. Rita Carolyn Ward, 87, of Lincoln, NE, formerly of North Aurora, IL, Aurora, IL and Chicago, IL, passed away JanuLincoln, NE. This will be invaluable for planning future loads.Įven though it takes a while to make freeze dried raspberries powder and whole berries, you don't have to watch it the entire time. I recommend keeping a freeze drying log book to keep track of times. There are some factors that affect the time, such as the thickness of the food, the water content, and if you prefreeze the fruit. It takes about 24 hours from start to finish to freeze dry raspberries and other fruit. How Long Does it Take to Freeze Dry Fruit? However, you can learn how to dehydrate in air fryer for dried foods. How Do You Freeze Dry Fruit in an Air Fryer?Īn air fryer can't freeze dry because it doesn't have a vacuum to remove the water. No other machine on the market can safely freeze dry food at home. Unfortunately, you can't freeze dry without a Harvest Right freeze dryer. How Do I Freeze Dry Fruit Without a Machine? If you're thinking of one or just one, check out my Harvest Right freeze dryer accessories to see what I bought to use with mine. I can also easily preserve my harvest and build my emergency food supply. It is an investment, but with food prices increasing literally every time I go to the store, it helps me save money. We absolutely love our Harvest Right freeze dryer! We're able to safely preserve nearly all kinds of food for long term storage and for convenience. It also keeps the color, even during storage in mylar bags. You can store freeze dried food for up to 25 years! Dehydrated food only lasts for a few months to a year.įreeze dried food retains 97 percent of its nutritional value. However, freeze dried raspberries are better for long term storage. Personally, I like the texture of most fruits and betters because freeze dried fruit and berries tends to be crisp and dry. Which one is better? Well, that depends.ĭehydrated fruit and berries tend to be chewier because some of the water is left in the berry. Is Freeze Drying Better Than Dehydrating?īoth freeze drying and dehydrating remove water from food, but they are difference processes. You can learn more about freeze dry vs dehydrated to see what the differences are. They machines both dry food, but that's where the similarity ends.ĭehydrated food has more water left in it, and it tends to be chewy instead of crisp. Many people think that they can freeze dry in a dehydrator, but that's not possible. What's the Difference Between Freeze Dried and Dehydrated? Then the berries warm up to room temperature for storage. Since liquid can't exist in a vacuum, it removes 99 percent of the water. This machine freezes the food and then a vacuum starts. They are made in a special machine called a freeze dryer. They are full of flavor, and you can eat them plain or use them in recipes.įor more freeze drying ideas, check out these posts:įreeze dried raspberries powder and whole berries are not dried like in a dehydrator. What are freeze dried raspberries? They are light and crunchy preserved raspberries that taste just like summer. I make a raspberry jam each year, but now that I have my Harvest Right freeze dryer, I learned how to make freeze dried raspberries. I wash them and put them in the fridge or freezer to preserve later. We have traditional pink raspberries and a white raspberry that tastes like candy. In this so-called secondary drying process, the plant extracts most of the remaining moisture from the dry goods.We have several raspberry bushes that grow with zero maintenance on the farm. Phase: In the last step, further heating of the coil takes place.In the process, most of the moisture is removed from the goods which are meant to be dried. During this phase, the atmosphere in both chambers consists almost exclusively of water vapor, which precipitates in the form of ice on the cold coil of the second chamber. Without these measures, the temperature in the second chamber would drop. Phase: The second chamber is slightly heated at the same time because sublimation requires energy, which is transformed into heat. Because: sublimation (freeze-drying) only takes place up to this gas pressure. Compliance with the upper limit of 6.10 bar is crucial here. Due to this strong negative pressure, the moisture exits the product chamber towards the second chamber. The compressor then creates a vacuum in the second chamber with a maximum pressure of 6.10 mbar. Phase: At the beginning of the process, fruits or vegetables are cooled down considerably in the first chamber, to about -50 ☌. For example, she was originally interested in claiming Alph as her Rym, but when she went to claim the Fire Lapistier, Vanessa observed Theo transforming into a dragon due to a curse that had been placed on him and wanted to claim him as her Rym instead. The caption appears: " (Underage drinking is a crime, kids)".īased on in-game events, it can be said that Vanessa is attracted to power. If the player chooses "I'll pour!" as Alph's response, she will point out that he is underage and can 'have some milk or something'. During an Intermission conversation with Alph, Vanessa says that she is going to go have a victory drink. Vanessa defends herself by saying that she came to the tavern to "spend some quality adult time". Saki calls the behavior "very un-feminine", Cecille says that she thinks Vanessa can't "keep a man", and Theo adds "How sad.she'll never get married". During one chapter, she is found drinking alone in a tavern, which prompts various reactions from the game's characters. Vanessa has been shown enjoying alcohol and tends to drink when she's depressed. Her fervent and vehement personality is comparable to fire, the element she represents as a Witch. She tends to act very rashly and ignore ideas that are not consistent with her own, which makes her an antagonist for a large part of the game. Vanessa is a very audacious, brazen, and aggressive person. After collecting the Wind Lapistier from the fallen knights, she continued to the town of Carwee. In reality, she had played a small role in their destruction, as most were killed by the failed experiment tested by the Church and the rest was saved because she was there, minimizing the damage. Shortly before her first appearance in Chapter 4, Vanessa had apparently 'annihilated' the Eurus Knights. After this plan was rejected by the other Witches, Vanessa set out on her own to collect the Lapistier. Vanessa believed they should collect the Lapistier regardless of the human cost. Not long before the events of Luminous Arc, Vanessa left the Witch Village, disagreeing with the Witch leader Claire's plan of action. She spent the majority of her early life within the confines of the Witch Village hidden in the magical forest of the Western Continent. Vanessa is the Witch Of Immolation, one of the seven Witches created by the world to fight God. She possessed the strongest power, and is stronger than Elicia. In Luminous Arc 2 Vanessa is the Hot Spring boss. However, when Alph and company attacked San Reise to prevent Zehaal's resurrection Vanessa joined them, since their intentions were the same. Vanessa remained a major antagonist throughout the game, fighting the player's group on several occasions. After this discovery, Vanessa considers it briefly before making her escape. Alph protected Lucia, and in the process it was revealed that he is a Rym. Lucia then stepped forward to confront Vanessa and talk to her however, Vanessa refused to listen and attacked her. Vanessa eventually lost the battle, and admitted she underestimated the group. Lucia attempted to reason with her to no avail, and the Garden Children fought her. Sir Andre then appeared to speak to Heath, and Heath urged him to leave quickly. Vanessa told them that they had better prepare to die, and revealed her identity as the Witch of Immolation. After appearing, she was quickly noticed by the group and Leon asked her who she was. She ended up appearing nearby where Sir Heath and the Garden Children were taking a break. She teleported herself to the town of Carwee to claim the Water Lapistier. Vanessa first appears during the fourth chapter of Luminous Arc. Keywords: Domain Specific Language Interpreter Lambda calculus 1. With memoization this might not be so bad. In Haskell, existing techniques that address this problem, such as Typeable and. denotational semantics for a simply-typed call-by-value lambda calculus with. The evalWhile function also seems like a poor way to check if we've reached normal form, though I have seen other code that does this. ming resumption-based interpreters for interactive programs in Haskell. There are several steps of the process that are missed because they are built into the Racket language. If the expression has no normal form or it is not a valid. I decided I would try to implement it in Haskell instead of Racket. Your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to write an interpreter which takes as its input an expression of the untyped lambda calculus containing no free variables and produces as its output the expressions normal form (or an expression alpha-congruent to it). Perhaps there is a better way to do this. Compiling and Interpreting the Lambda Calculus in Haskell This whole project is based on this post by Matt Might. The eval function feels particularly awkward to me, as every type in Expr is preceded by it's equivalent function. GULCII is an untyped lambda calculus interpreter supporting interactive modification of a running program with graphical display of graph reduction. S = Abst "x" (Abst "y" (Abst "z" (App (App (Var "x") (Var "z")) (App (Var "y") (Var "z")))))įor instance: λ> evalWhile (App (App (App s k) k) k) Here are a few applicative combinators for debugging. GitHub - txyyss/Lambda-Calculus: An introduction to lambda calculus in Chinese, including an interpreter in Has. Sub (Sub (App a b) var env) = (App (Sub a var env) (Sub b var env))Įval a b c) = sub (Sub (eval a) b (eval c)) An introduction to lambda calculus in Chinese, including an interpreter in Haskell. | otherwise = (Abst var' (Sub body var env)) Let's write a programming language interpreter for the simple. module Eval whereĪpp (App (Abst var body) env) = (Sub body var env) The lambda calculus is an amazingly powerful and simple mathematical model. This project consists of a lambda calculus expression parser using Parsec, and an eval-apply interpreter. This code is slower than many other interpreters, and if there is a way to make the code more efficient while still conveying the reduction rules clearly, that would be an improvement. An Untyped Lambda Calculus Interpreter in Haskell. import qualified as Map data Val Num Integer Fun (Val -> Val) Wrong data Term Cons Integer Var String Lam String Term App Term Term Add Term Term type Env Map.Map String Val add :: Val -> Val -> Val add (Num x) (Num y) Num (x+y) add Wrong apply :: Val -> Val -> V. My goal is to represent the transformation rules listed here accurately and explicitly. (Sub (App a b) var env) -> (App (Sub a var env) (Sub b var env)) (Sub (Abst var' body) var env) -> (Abst var' (Sub body var env)) The lambda calculus is a formal mathematical system for expressing the notion of computation. (Sub (Abst var body) var env) -> (Abst var body) (App (Abst var body) env) -> (Sub body var env) We’ve ended up with a weird constraint on our m, though: (MonadReader m).This code is a representation of lambda calculus using an AST instead of text. The Mathematics of Functional Programming: Lambda Calculus Lambda calculus. So we just want a normal catamorphism which computes monadic values. then a Haskell interpreter will respond as follows when we try to display or. Take the un-evaluated computation for the body of an abstraction and save it to evaluate later in a differentĮnvironment. But this is not what we want, because we want to Us to automatically evaluate all the monadic computations for sub-terms before evaluating the With monadic catamorphisms the idea is that the Traversable constraint allows the formal definition of capture avoiding substitution to execute by hand -calculus programs according to its operatial semantics how our Haskell. Initially I thought that I would want to write this as a monadic Later, when evaluating anĪpplication we can just fish out the monadic computation and evaluate it in the Which we can just put into the closure value. This is pretty neat - the body of an abstraction has been evaluated to a m (Value m), Type Algebra f a = f a -> a - specialisation of the real signature - cata :: Algebra f a -> Fix f -> a - note the weird contstraint evalAlgebra :: ( MonadReader m ) => Algebra LambdaF ( m ( Value m )) evalAlgebra term = case term of Index i -> do e do - capture the environment e do - this will cause pattern match failures if the term - isn't well-typed Clos ctx t ( c : ctx )) t Smith calls a “ ritual of ultimate concern.” These rituals are “rituals that are formative for identity, that inculcate particular visions of the good life, and do so in a way that means to trump other ritual formations.” Further, “Liturgies are the most loaded forms of ritual practice because they are after nothing less than our hearts. The ritual of the Eucharist is a central part of the historic Christian liturgy, which is itself what James K.A. Rituals form and shape us - spiritually, psychologically, and even physically. So, when Jesus establishes the ritual of the Eucharist, he fulfills this rich typology, and he also creates a ritual that defines the community of Christ-followers as long as this world continues (Matt 26:29, 1 Cor 11:26). Eating with God is a theme throughout the Bible (Gen 18, Ex 24, Lev 7:11–38, Isa 25:6, Rev 19:6–9). When we participate in the Eucharist, we are, in some sense, enacting the kingdom. How should the Eucharist shape the church’s relationship to the larger socio-economic context, and what vision for society and economics does it give us? A ritual of ultimate concern The gospel, enacted in the Eucharist, proclaims a radically restructured society. In conversation with these examples from church history, I believe it is vital to recenter our theology of economics on the central rite of the Eucharist. Bugenhagen emphasized, according to scholar Esther Chung-Kim: “In other words, to act thoughtlessly and despicably toward their poor brothers was to dishonor both the sacrament and its purpose to bind the community as a unified body of Christ.” Bugenhagen used Paul’s teaching on the Lord’s Supper in 1 Corinthians 11 to motivate communities and churches to create structures for poverty relief, and he argued that coming to the Eucharist as a community should help create genuine care and concern for all in the community. Later, in the 16th century, the pastor and gifted administrator Johannes Bugenhagen helped various churches in northern Europe to implement the ideals of the Lutheran reformation. He appealed to the unity of all Christians at the table of the Lord as a motivation for sharing resources and wealth within the body of Christ. In the fourth century, John Chrysostom, as the bishop of Constantinople, sharply rebuked the wealthy in his church and challenged them to care for the poor outside the church. In addition, efforts throughout church history to address social justice have been anchored in local churches. The goal was to ensure that people came to the Eucharist only after they had repented of their sin, and were fully prepared to participate. Additionally, Calvin set up structures of church discipline, which endeavored to hold the community to basic standards of morality. Protestants, especially in Geneva under John Calvin’s leadership, revitalized the role of the deacon, and gave him the task of caring for the poor. For instance, in the 16th-century Reformation, Protestant churches challenged the medieval patterns of charitable giving, where poverty was seen as a virtue and giving to the poor a meritorious action that “earned” God’s grace. In my historical studies, I noticed many connections between how churches have controlled access to the Eucharist in history and how that relates to the church’s wider relationship to the surrounding culture. Throughout my doctoral work on the Lord’s Supper, I was involved in ministries to the poor, prisoners, refugees, and in efforts to promote racial reconciliation. These questions grow out of both my academic background as well as my practical ministry experience. What implications does this theological vision, and this liturgical practice, have for the realm of economics? As such, it holds tremendous promise for Christian formation and spiritual growth. It encapsulates, and enacts, a theological vision of reality. Although various churches observe the Eucharist with varying degrees of frequency, the Eucharist is a regularly occurring liturgical occasion. One neglected tool for transformation is the Lord’s Supper, or Eucharist (“thanksgiving” in Greek). We are naturally prone to ministry silos and racial/socio-economic segregation. But the church must be intentional about this. Too often we rush to start something new, forgetting that broken social networks and relational poverty can be healed and transformed through the normal workings of the local church. As churches seek to confront poverty and injustice in their communities one of the most neglected resources is the church’s worship itself. So far as impact protection goes, they’re the best shoe on this list. The Dame 7s are widely regarded as having the best budget midsole of any basketball shoe – meaning the most shock absorption for you buck! For me, shock absorption is key as I want to protect my knee joints from overuse injuries like jumper’s knee. I’m a middle blocker/opposite who plays a lot and does a lot of jumping. The Dame 7s are my personal favorite volleyball shoe… err basketball shoe… for volleyball. They also have a fairly high mid top design meaning more ankle support when landing around the net. They basically traded shock absorption for extra bounciness. The Wave Momentum 2 are not as good as the original Momentums on this front. One of my biggest concerns with volleyball shoes is lack of shock absorption which, if you’re doing lots of jumping, can be really rough on your joints. My favorite thing about this volleyball shoe is the extra bounce it gives when jumping, making it perfect for anyone playing in the front court. This is another premium volleyball shoe with a premium price tag, but it’s well worth it for any athlete who takes the game of volleyball seriously. This is awesome if you subscribe to the notion that lightweight shoes help you jump higher! The first thing you notice about the Momentum 2, is that it’s lighter than a feather. Together with the Asics Sky Elite FF, these two shoes are so far ahead of the competition that they may as well be in a league of their own… Historically, Asics haven’t been known for making super stylish shoes, but these red Tokyo Sky Elites are super aesthetic looking.Įveryone in the gym will know you you’re a serious baller when you whip these out of your volleyball bag!Ĭan I end this article right here? Honestly, I would need a very good reason to buy any other volleyball shoe right now…īest Overall Volleyball Shoes – Runner Up The heel-toe transition feels perfect and you definitely get a really springy bounce from these shoes when jumping.Īnkle support feels very secure and it’s super locked down inside. You can jump all day in these without your knees turning to dust! It’s the perfect shoe for jumping in because of that thick, soft sole which gives plenty of cushioning when landing. Having said that, the only possible drawback of this shoe is that it has quite a thick sole, meaning it’s quite high up off the floor.įor some back court players who like to feel closer to the floor, this might not be a perfect match after all…įor most attackers, however, this is only going to make you feel more dominant at the net, so I see it as a positive. These are super sticky on the ground, which is great for all volleyball positions, but especially good for defensive specialists. Your browser does not support the video tag.Īs far as traction goes, there is no better volleyball shoe. If you know me, you’ll know I think the best volleyball shoes are basketball shoes, so you know I liked the sound of that! This shoe is often described as a hybrid between a volleyball shoe and a basketball shoe. The wave plate within all Mizuno running shoes offers excellent energy return on every stride and due to the presence of a lightweight wave plate, there is less foam used in the sole, meaning an all round lighter shoe.With most volleyball shoes there’s usually something that could be improved or tweaked to make them better.īut there are literally no flaws with this shoe. The stability aspect of wave technology seen in the Wave Inspire is gained by the construction differing between the outside (lateral) and the inside (medial) of the shoe, therefore resisting the compression of the midsole in high pressure areas. Its unique wave plate technology provides excellent cushioning by dispersing the force of impact across a larger surface area. Mizuno produce superior quality running shoes for serious performance through the artful combination of technology and craftsmanship. These technological advancements make its sporting equipment and apparel go the extra mile and keep you on tip top form. Mizuno was founded in 1906 in Japan and its product development strategy is to create products with features that enhance athlete performance and are unique to only Mizuno. With the rise of K-Pop, Avex started signing various South Korean musicians to their company, such as TVXQ, 2NE1, Kim Hyung Jun, After School, U-Kiss, and more. For example, A-Nation, the series of concerts held every August in cities around Japan has only continued to grow. This DecadeĪlthough the 2000s had some growing pains for the company, by the time 2010 rolled around, Avex had gotten a firm hand on its continued growth and development. Ultimately, Tom Yoda would leave the company. In response to Yoda’s call for Chiba’s resignation, Matsuura said he would resign as well, along with numerous other employees, taking Ayumi Hamasaki, Avex’s biggest name, with them. Unfortunately for Yoda, Matsuura was on Chiba’s side of the conflict. While Yoda was interested in expanding Avex beyond music to being producing movies and other such mediums, he felt Chiba had a conflict of interest.Īpparently, Chiba had signed an artist that was represented by a member of his family. In 2004, Matsuura’s co-founder, Tom Yoda called for the resignation of Ryuhei Chiba, the company’s executive director and president. However, while this was going on there was conflict behind the scenes. By starting a music school called “Avex Artists Academy,” branching out to have a classical music division, selling Japanese music in South Korea, starting an internet television company called Bee TV, and more, Avex flourished. In 1999 they started their animation company, Avex Mode.įrom 2000 through 2009, the company continued to grow, building their own headquarters in Aoyama. branch, brokered deals with Sony and Disney to handle the Japanese releases of their CDs, and opened a line of concert halls. Throughout the rest of the 90s the company continued to grow. The event would draw a crowd of 50,000 and ended up being the first of the company’s yearly events. In 1993 the company moved to Aoyama, Tokyo, started an American Branch and threw “Avex Rave ‘93” at the Tokyo Dome. Still, in the early 90s, the company was still considered to be more of an indie label, but that wouldn’t last too long. While a label handles the production and recording of songs, as well as dealing with distribution and promotion of the musicians, a publishing company handles the rights of the actual songs, negotiating the money artists get paid if, for instance, a song is used in a commercial or movie.īy branching from distribution to production and publishing Avex was already starting to take big steps towards becoming the media powerhouse they would eventually become. In 1990, the company started a music label called Avex Trax, opening a recording studio as well as creating “Musique Folio Inc.” a music publishing company. According to the timeline on the company’s official website, in the beginning Avex was a distributor and wholesaler of imported CDs, making a name for itself by making compilations and “recommended playlists.” The name Avex was taken from the English words: Audio Visual Expert.Īt the start, there were four other executives aside from Matsuura and the company operated out of an apartment block in Machida, Tokyo. Apartment Buildings to Skyscrapers: Origins of a GiantĮstablished in 1988 by Masato Matsuura, Avex-officially called Avex Group Holdings, Incorporated-was originally registered as Avex D.D. In fact, the aforementioned Ayumi Hamasaki herself is managed by Avex Group, as are a bunch of other hugely popular musical acts, making the company a huge part of some of the most beloved Japanese music and media out there.įrom the company’s origins as a small outfit distributing imported records back in the late 80s to a million dollar company, there is plenty about Avex you probably don’t know. If the fact that the two dated were to make one wonder who Matsuura is, one would shortly find that Max Matsuura-aka Masato Matsuura-is the founder and CEO of Avex, one of the biggest media conglomerates in all of Japan.Īs a media conglomerate, Avex is made up of a number of subsidiary companies involved in everything from managing musicians and celebrities to producing anime, video games, and more. While most fans of J-Pop are more than familiar with the iconic singer Ayumi Hamasaki, the name Max Matsuura might not be as immediately recognizable. |
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